Standard nasal cannula: low flow oxygen, 1–6 L/min.

Venturi mask: high-flow enriched oxygen of a certain concentration. Provides FiO2 24%–40%.

Face mask: used for patients with nasal irritation. Provides FiO2 40%–60%.

Nonrebreathing face mask: Provides high concentrations of oxygen. Delivers FiO2 up to 90%.

Reservoir cannula: improves the efficiency of oxygen delivery (i.e., patients may be well oxygenated at lower flows).

High-flow warmed and humidified oxygen (HFNC): nasal or transtracheal. Delivers oxygen comfortably at high flows ranging from 30–60 L/min.

Continuous positive airway ventilation (CPAP): provides continuous positive pressure to maintain an open airway.

Bi-level positive airway ventilation (BiPAP):
Mechanical ventilation: a lifesaving intervention for patients with respiratory failure.

• Chest x-ray (to identify pulmonary edema).

• Ultrasound (ruling out for DVT).

• Magnetic resonance imaging (identifying a brain bleed).

• Computed tomography (determining presence of pulmonary embolism).

• Central venous line (CVL)
  

• Arterial line (A-line)
  

• Venous and arterial femoral catheters
  

• Femoral hemodialysis catheter

• Femoral intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP)
  

• Pulmonary artery catheter (e.g., Swan-Ganz)
  

• Transvenous or epicardial pacemaker
  

• Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
  

• Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)
  

• Endotracheal tube (ETT)

• Tracheostomy tube (“Trach”)

• Bedrest: (Bedrest might be indicated in the case of new DVT or PE, CSF leak, or new internal bleed.)

• Out of bed

• Out of bed to chair

• Other
  

• Heart Rate: 50-120 bpm

• Systolic Blood Pressure: 80-180 mmHg

• Diastolic Blood Pressure: 40-110 mmHg

• SPO2%: Above 90%

• Respirations: 12-20 breaths per minute

• Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP): 70-105 mmHg

• Vasopressors (e.g., norepinephrine, phenylephrine, vasopressin): Consider medical hold when doses are increasing, MAP is <60 or if patient is on >2 pressors.

• Sedatives (e.g., propofol, dexmedetomidine, fentanyl): Consider medical hold if patient is obtunded or medical team is unable to safely reduce sedation for therapy.